Å·ÃÀÈÕb´óƬ

§³§¡§°§±§º§´§¦?§¦ §©§¡ §®§¦§¥§ª?§¦ 21. §ã§Ö§á§ä§Ö§Þ§Ò§Ñ§â 2023.

§³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §å§á§à§Ù§à§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§å §Ù§Ñ §ç§Ú§ä§ß§à§Þ §â§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§à§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Þ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö

§£§¡§º§ª§¯§¤§´§°§¯, 21. §ã§Ö§á§ä§Ö§Þ§Ò§Ñ§â 2023. ¡ª §µ §ã§Ó§à?§à? §ß§à§Ó§à?, §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ã §à§Ò?§Ñ§Ó?§Ö§ß§à?, §à§Ò§Ú§Þ§ß§à? §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ?§Ñ §å 23 §Ù§Ö§Þ?§Ö §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö, §³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §á§à§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§à§Ò§å§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§å §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú?§å §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §å §à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à §Ò§Ú §ã§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§Ù§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§â§å§Ü§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ú§ç §Ú §á§â§Ú§å§ê§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §Ô§â§Ñ?§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ, §Ñ §á§à§ã§Ö§Ò§ß§à §ß§Ñ?§à§ã§Ö§ä?§Ú§Ó§Ú?§Ú§Þ §Ô§â§å§á§Ñ§Þ§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§à §Ú §Õ§Ñ §ã§Ö §ã§Þ§Ñ?§Ú §à§ã§Ý§Ñ?§Ñ?§Ö §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§Ñ, §å§Ô?§Ö§ß§Ú§é§ß§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ §Ô§à§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ.

§µ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ?§å §á§à§Õ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Þ Toward a Framework for the Sustainable Heating Transition (?§µ §ã§å§ã§â§Ö§ä §à§Ü§Ó§Ú§â§å §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö¡°) §ß§Ñ§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ö §ç§Ú§ä§ß§Ñ §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ñ §Õ§Ñ §ã§Ö §ã§Ó§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§Ù§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ö §Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§Ö, §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§å§ê§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ö §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ. §°§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö?§Ö §è§Ú?§Ñ §ß§å§Ý§ä§Ú§ç §Ö§Þ§Ú§ã§Ú?§Ñ §Õ§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö §à§Ó§à§Ô §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §å §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§å §Ù§Ñ§ç§ä§Ö§Ó§Ñ §Õ§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§å §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú?§å §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ, §Ü§à?§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ã §é§Ú§ß§Ú §à§Ü§à 24% §ä§â§Ñ§Ø?§Ö §Ù§Ñ §Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú?§à§Þ §à§Ó§à§Ô §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ §Ú §à§Õ§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ñ§ß ?§Ö §Ù§Ñ §à§Ü§à 22% §Ö§Þ§Ú§ã§Ú?§Ñ §Ô§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ñ §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ý§Ö§ß§Ö §Ò§Ñ§ê§ä§Ö.

?§©§Ö§Þ?§Ö §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å §ã§Ö§Ò§Ú §Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§å§ê§ä§Ö §à§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ?§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö,¡° §â§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ ?§Ö §¡§ß§ä§à§ß§Ö§Ý§Ñ §¢§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú (Antonella Bassani), §á§à§ä§á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ö §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö. ?§°§Ó§Ö §Ù§Ö§Þ?§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å §Õ§Ñ §ã§Þ§Ñ?§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ø?§å §Ù§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö§Þ, §å§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ù§Õ§å§ç§Ñ §Ú §ã§Þ§Ñ?§Ö §Ö§Þ§Ú§ã§Ú?§Ö §ê§ä§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§ç §Ô§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ §ä§à§Ü§à§Þ §à§Ó§Ö §Õ§Ö§è§Ö§ß§Ú?§Ö §Ü§â§à§Ù §å§ã§Ó§Ñ?§Ñ?§Ö §à§Õ§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ñ?§å?§Ú§ç §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Õ§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §ã§Ñ §è§Ú?§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ §ã§å§Ò§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú?§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú?§Ö §Ú §Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§Ú?§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú?§Ö §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ,¡° §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ñ ?§Ö §¢§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú.

§µ§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ §Ú§Ù§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ä§à §ß§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ô §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ñ §å§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ?§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ?§å, §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Þ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö §é§Ö§ã§ä§à §á§â§å§Ø§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§Ö §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ö, §ß§Ú?§Ö §å §ã§ä§Ñ?§å §Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú?§Ö §ä§â§à§ê§Ü§à§Ó§Ö, §Ú§Þ§Ñ §Ü§â§Ñ??§Ö §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß §å§ä§Ú§è§Ñ? §ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§å §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§å §Ú §å§ä§Ú§é§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§Ö §Ú §Ö§Ô§Ù§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú?§å ?§å§Õ§Ú. §°§Ü§à 30% §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §à§Ó§à§Ô §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ ¨C §á§â§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§à §å §Ô§â§Ñ§Õo§Ó§Ú§Þ§Ñ ¨C §Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§å§ß§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§Ù§Ö?§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ñ?§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö, §Ü§à?§Ñ §å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à? §Þ§Ö§â§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö §à§Õ §ã§å§Ò§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ç §æ§à§ã§Ú§Ý§ß§Ú§ç §Ô§à§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§å§à§é§Ñ§Ó§Ñ?§å §ã§Ö §ã§Ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ú§Þ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Ý§Ö §Ú§ß§æ§â§Ñ§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ö §Ú §ß§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú?§ã§Ü§Ö §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú. §µ §ã§Ö§à§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ö?§Ú§ß§Ñ §á§à§â§à§Õ§Ú§è§Ñ §à§ã§Ý§Ñ?§Ñ §ã§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ?§å?§å?§Ö §à§Ô§â§Ö§Ó§ß§à §Õ§â§Ó§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ö?§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§ä§Ý§à§Ó§Ö §ß§Ñ §å§Ô§Ñ?. §µ§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ñ §ã§Ó§Ú§ç §ä§Ú§ç §Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ß§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Õ§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú §Õ§à §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ú§Ó§à§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ?§Ö?§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ù§Õ§å§ç§Ñ, §ê§ä§à §Õ§à§á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ü§å 302.000 §ã§Þ§â§ä§ß§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ?§Ö§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ç§ä§Ö§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ó§Ñ?§Ñ?§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§å §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú?§Ñ§Ý§ß§å §Ù§Ñ§ê§ä§Ú§ä§å §å §Ú§Ù§ß§à§ã§å §à§Õ 7% §¢§¥§±-§Ñ §Ô§à§Õ§Ú§ê?§Ö. §µ§Ù §ã§ä§Ñ§â§à§ã§ä §Ú §Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§å §ß§Ö§Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ö§ß§à§Ô §æ§à§ß§Õ§Ñ, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§Ñ§ß §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ ?§Ö §Ú §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ñ §è§Ö§ß§Ñ §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§à §Õ§Ñ ?§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ö?§Ú§ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§ê§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ó§à§Ô §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ñ §ä§Ö§ê§Ü§à?§Ñ §ã§Ñ §á§Ý§Ñ?§Ñ?§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§é§å§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§à?§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ó§à?§Ö §Õ§à§Þ§à§Ó§Ö.

§±§â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö §å §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§å §Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§à §Ò§Ú §Õ§Ñ §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö §Õ§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ß§à§Ô §ã§Þ§Ñ?§Ö?§Ñ §Ò§â§à?§Ñ §å§Þ§â§Ý§Ú§ç §Ú §Ô§å§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§è§Ú?§Ñ§Ý§ß§å §Ú §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§å §Ù§Ñ§ê§ä§Ú§ä§å §Ù§Ò§à§Ô §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ?§Ö?§Ñ, §à§ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ñ?§å?§Ú §á§å§ä §Ù§Ñ §ã§Þ§Ñ?§Ö?§Ö §Ö§Þ§Ú§ã§Ú?§Ñ §ê§ä§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§ç §Ô§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ, §ß§Ñ§Ó§à§Õ§Ú §ã§Ö §å §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ?§å. §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö?§å 2024. §Ú 2050. §Ô§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö, §å§Ù §à§Ó§å §ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ú§è§Ú?§å §Ò§Ú §ã§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ý§Ö §Ö§Þ§Ú§ã§Ú?§Ö §ê§ä§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§ç §Ô§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ §å §á§â§à§è§Ö?§Ö§ß§à? §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §à§Õ 8,9 §Ô§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ä§à§ß§Ñ §å§Ô?§Ö§ß-§Õ§Ú§à§Ü§ã§Ú§Õ§Ñ §Ü§à?§Ú §á§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§â§Ñ §å §Ù§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ñ.

§ª§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ? §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ?§Ö §Ú §ä§â§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ö §å §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§å §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§â§Ñ §å §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ö§Þ?§Ñ§Þ§Ñ, §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§å?§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§â§Ö§Ü§Ö §Ú §Ú§Ù§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ö §Ù§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö §Ü§à?§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö §à§Ó§Ö §Ù§Ö§Þ?§Ö, §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ä§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å?§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö (§å§Ü?§å§é§å?§å?§Ú §Ó§â§ã§ä§Ö §Ô§à§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú?§Ö §Ú §ä§â§à§ê§Ü§à§Ó§Ö) §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Ö §à§Ü§Ó§Ú§â §Ù§Ñ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§Ñ?§Ö §Ú §ã§á§â§à§Ó§à?§Ö?§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ú§è§Ú?§Ö §Ü§à?§Ú §ã§Ñ§Õ§â§Ø§Ú ?§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö.

?§³§Ó§Ö§ã§ß§Ú §ã§Þ§à §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à§ã§Ö§Ø§ß§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ñ §Ü§à?§Ú§Þ§Ñ §ã§Ö §ã§å§à§é§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §å §Ù§Ö§Þ?§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö. §¯§Ñ§ê §è§Ú? ?§Ö §Õ§Ñ §Ü§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ú§Þ§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§â§å§Ø§Ú§Þ§à §å§Ó§Ú§Õ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö?§Ñ, §Ú§Ù§â§Ñ?§Ö§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à?§Ú ?§Ö §à§Þ§à§Ô§å?§Ú§ä§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö §Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§à, §å §Ü§â§Ñ??§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§å, §å§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ã§ä§Ñ?§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ¡°, §Ú§Ù?§Ñ§Ó§Ú§à ?§Ö §º§Ñ§â§Ý §¬§à§â§Þ§Ú?§Ö (Charles Cormier), §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ú §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ù§Ñ §Ú§ß§æ§â§Ñ§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§å §³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ö §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§å§Ø§Ö§ß §Ù§Ñ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö. ?§°§Õ§â§Ö?§Ö§ß§Ö §ß§à§Ó§Ú?§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú?§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ú §ã§å §Ó§Ö? §Ú§ã§á§â§à§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú §Ú §ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§â§Ñ§ß§Ú, §ê§ä§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó?§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü, §Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§Ú§Þ §ä§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ?§à§ê §å§Ó§Ö§Ü §ß§Ú?§Ö §Õ§à§Ó§à?§Ñ§ß §Õ§Ñ §ã§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§Ö §è§Ú? §à§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö?§Ñ §å§Ô?§Ö§ß§Ú§é§ß§Ö §ß§Ö§å§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö §à§Ó§à§Ô §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡°, §Õ§à§Õ§Ñ§à ?§Ö §¬§à§â§Þ§Ú?§Ö.

§µ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ?§å §ã§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú?§Ñ §à§Õ §ä§â§Ú §ã§ä§å§Ò§Ñ §é§Ú?§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Þ §Õ§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§ß§à §Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§æ§Ú§ß§Ú§ê§å §ã§Ó§à?§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ù§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ú§è§Ú?§å:

  1. §³§Þ§Ñ?§Ú§ä§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ø?§å §Ù§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö§Þ §å§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ö?§Ö?§Ö§Þ §Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ö §Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò?§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ú §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§Õ§Ö §Ù§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ?§å §ß§à§Ó§Ú§ç §à§Ò?§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §å§Ò§â§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ú§â§Ñ?§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§à?§Ö?§Ú§ç. §°§Ó§Ú§Þ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å?§Ö ?§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ø?§å §Ù§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö§Þ §Õ§à 2050, §ê§ä§à ?§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ß§à §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú §è§Ö§ß§å §ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ú§è§Ú?§Ö §Ü§à?§å §Ò§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö §Õ§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ö, §á§â§Ú§Ó§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Ô§â§Ñ?§Ñ§ß§Ú.
  2. §±§à§Ò§à?§ê§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§Ò§à§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ?§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö §å §Ô§å§ã§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö?§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ §å§â§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ô§à§Õ ?§Ö §ä§à §Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ?§Ú§Ó§à. §µ§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§à?§Ö?§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö §Õ§Ñ?§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §Ú §á§â§Ö?§Ú §ß§Ñ §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú?§Ö §Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ö §á§à§á§å§ä §ã§à§Ý§Ñ§â§ß§Ö §Ú §Ô§Ö§à§ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú?§Ö, §à§ä§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§Ö §ä§à§á§Ý§à§ä§Ö §Ú §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ö §Ò§Ú§à§Þ§Ñ§ã§Ö. §µ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ?§Ö§Ó§Ú§Þ§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ñ?§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö §ß§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§â§å?§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö §è§Ú?§Ö§Ó§Ö §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ §Ó§Ú§ê§Ö §ß§Ú?§Ö §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Ò§Ú§ä§Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß §á§â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§ß§à§Ô §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ.
  3. §±§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ?§Ú §Ü§à§â§Ú§ê?§Ö?§Ö §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§ß§à§Ô §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ñ §å §á§à§Õ§â§å§é?§Ú§Þ§Ñ §ã§Ñ §Þ§Ñ?§à§Þ §Ô§å§ã§ä§Ú§ß§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö?§Ö§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §±§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à ?§Ö §ã§á§â§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§ä§å§Õ§Ú?§Ö §â§Ñ§Õ§Ú §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú?§Ö §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ú§ç, §Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§ã§Ü§Ú §Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö?§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§à §ê§ä§à §ã§å §ä§à§á§Ý§à§ä§ß§Ö §á§å§Þ§á§Ö §Ú §Ü§à§ä§Ý§à§Ó§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§à?§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú §å §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§å §ã§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ §Ö§Ü§à§Õ§Ú§Ù§Ñ?§ß§Ñ, §Ú §á§â§à§Þ§à§Ó§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Þ ?§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú §è§Ú?§Ñ§ß§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Ñ.

§µ§ã§Ó§Ñ?§Ñ?§Ö§Þ §à§Ó§à§Ô §ã§Ó§Ö§à§Ò§å§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Ô §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ, §Õ§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Þ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å §Õ§Ñ §à§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö §Ö§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§ß§Ñ §Ú §á§â§Ú§å§ê§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ §å§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ?§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à?§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§ß§à§Þ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ö?§å, §Ü§à?§Ñ §Õ§à§á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§à §Ô§â§Ö?§Ñ?§Ö.

§ª§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ? ?§Ö §Ú§Ù§â§Ñ?§Ö§ß §å §à§Ü§Ó§Ú§â§å (ESMAP) §Ü§à?§Ú §ã§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú §³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ.

§³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §å §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ú §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§à? §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ú

§³§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §ã§Ñ§â§Ñ?§å?§Ö §ã§Ñ §Õ§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§Þ§Ñ?§Ö?§å §ã§Ú§â§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ñ?§å §Ù§Ñ?§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ü§à§Ô §á§â§à§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, §Ú §ä§à §Ü§â§à§Ù §å§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ö?§Ö?§Ö ?§å§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô §Ü§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ, §ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ñ?§Ö §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ö?§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§à? §ä§â§Ø§Ú§ê§ä§Ñ, §à§Þ§à§Ô§å?§Ñ§Ó§Ñ?§Ö §Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú?§Ñ §Ú §Ú§Ù§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ?§å §Ú ?§Ñ§é§Ñ?§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§è§Ú?§Ñ.

--------------------

*§°§Ó§Ñ? §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ? §à§Ò§å§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú?§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ä§å?§Ú§ç §Ú §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ñ?§Ñ §å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§à?§å §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §Ú §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§ß§Ö §¡§Ù§Ú?§Ö (§¦§¸§¡) §å§Ü?§å§é§å?§å?§Ú: §¡§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú?§å, ?§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú?§å, §¡§Ù§Ö§â§Ò§Ö??§Ñ§ß, §¢§Ö§Ý§à§â§å§ã§Ú?§å, §¢§à§ã§ß§å §Ú §·§Ö§â§è§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§Ú§ß§å, §¢§å§Ô§Ñ§â§ã§Ü§å, §·§â§Ó§Ñ§ä§ã§Ü§å, §¤§â§å§Ù§Ú?§å, §¬§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ç§ã§ä§Ñ§ß, §¬§à§ã§à§Ó§à, §¬§Ú§â§Ô§Ú§ã§Ü§å §²§Ö§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§å, §®§à§Ý§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ú?§å, §¸§â§ß§å §¤§à§â§å, §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§å §®§Ñ§Ü§Ö§Õ§à§ß§Ú?§å, §±§à?§ã§Ü§å, §²§å§Þ§å§ß§Ú?§å, §²§å§ã§Ü§å §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú?§å, §³§â§Ò§Ú?§å, §´§Ñ?§Ú§Ü§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ß, §´§å§â§ã§Ü§å, §´§å§â§Ü§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ß, §µ§Ü§â§Ñ?§Ú§ß§å §Ú §µ§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ß. 

 

§³§Ñ§à§á§ê§ä§Ö?§Ö §Ò§â.: 2024/ECA/005

§¬§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä

§£§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ô§ä§à§ß
§©§Ñ§â§Ú§ß§Ñ §¯§å§â§Þ§å§ç§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ö§ä§à§Ó§Ñ (Zarina Nurmukhambetova)

§±§°§£§¦§©§¡§¯§ª §³§¡§¥§²§¨§¡?

Blogs

    loader image

WHAT'S NEW

    loader image