Å·ÃÀÈÕb´óƬ

Results from the International Comparison Program (ICP) 2021 cycle include data for the reference year 2021, revised data for the reference year 2017, purchasing power parity (PPP) time series for 2018 to 2020, and extrapolated GDP PPPs for 2022 and 2023. ^{1 2}

• Search for and download ICP 2021 cycle data from the 
• Explore data visualizations and key findings here
• Browse for 2017 and 2021 
• Browse  2017 to 2023

Results for 2021 are available for 176 participating economies and their aggregate regions. They cover 45 expenditure headings and provide several indicators for each heading, including PPPs, national accounts expenditures in PPP and nominal terms, and price level indices. Imputed results are available for an additional 19 economies that did not participate in the ICP 2021 cycle.

Revised 2017 results are available for 178 participating economies and cover 45 expenditure headings and several indicators, including PPPs, national accounts expenditures in PPP and nominal terms, and price level indices. Additionally, imputed results are available for 17 economies that did not participate in the ICP 2017 cycle.

PPP time series are available for 2018 to 2020 and cover six major expenditure headings.

Extrapolated GDP PPPs are available for 2022 and 2023.

Results for the 2021 cycle were published in May 2024, together with the following releases:

• Highlights of main findings:  (PDF)

• Blog: 

• Factsheets:  (PDF)

• ICP 2021 Frequently asked questions (FAQs): Web Version | (PDF)

• Press release: Global Purchasing Power Parities Data Released for 2021

1/ PPPs are statistical estimates and should be treated as approximations of true values, subject to sampling, measurement, and classification errors. They should not be used as indicators of currency under- or overvaluation. ICP Results are based on data supplied by participating economies to the global and regional implementing agencies, and are produced in accordance with ICP methodology. Results are not deemed to be national official statistics.

2/ The standard ICP methodology between the two most recent 2017 and 2021 ICP cycles has been maintained. However, in ICP 2021, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region was linked through the standard global core list approach, unlike in ICP 2017, when the CIS region was linked through the Russian Federation, which participated in both the OECD and CIS comparisons. For ICP 2017, the Russian Federation's results are based on the OECD comparison, and for ICP 2021, they are based on the CIS comparison. Furthermore, the Asia and Pacific region moved to the standard ICP approach for estimating housing PPPs based on rental and volume data during the ICP 2021 cycle. The standard approach was utilized for the revised ICP 2017 results and ICP 2021 results, both at the regional and global levels, instead of the previously utilized reference volume approach.

[ Back to page top ]

Original results from the ICP¡¯s 2017, 2011, and 2005 cycles remain available to users. Note that the 2017 data were revised during the ICP 2021 cycle using updated expenditures, regional PPPs, population, and market exchange rate data and users should access these data through the . ^{1 2}

ICP 2017

•  
•  
• Explore ICP 2017 data visualizations

Results for the 2017 cycle were published in May 2020, together with the following releases:

• ICP 2017 Report: 

• Highlights of main findings:  (PDF)

• Blog: 

• Factsheets:  (PDF)

• ICP 2017 Frequently asked questions (FAQs):   (PDF) |  (PDF)

• Press release :  (PDF) |  (PDF) |  (PDF) |  (PDF) |  (PDF) |  (PDF)  |  (PDF) |  (PDF)

ICP 2011

• Download the original ICP 2011 results  (Excel)

ICP 2005

1/ PPPs are statistical estimates and should be treated as approximations of true values, subject to sampling, measurement, and classification errors. They should not be used as indicators of currency under- or overvaluation. ICP Results are based on data supplied by participating economies to the global and regional implementing agencies, and produced in accordance with ICP methodology. Results are not deemed to be national official statistics.

2/ The standard ICP methodology between the two most recent 2017 and 2021 ICP cycles has been maintained. However, in ICP 2021, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region was linked through the standard global core list approach, unlike in ICP 2017, when the CIS region was linked through the Russian Federation, which participated in both the OECD and CIS comparisons. For ICP 2017, the Russian Federation's results are based on the OECD comparison, and for ICP 2021, they are based on the CIS comparison. Furthermore, the Asia and Pacific region moved to the standard ICP approach for estimating housing PPPs based on rental and volume data during the ICP 2021 cycle. The standard approach was utilized for the revised ICP 2017 results and ICP 2021 results, both at the regional and global levels, instead of the previously utilized reference volume approach.

[ Back to page top ]

Access and archiving policy

The  (PDF), as approved by the ICP Governing Board, outlines the objectives, guiding principles, and procedures for data archiving and researcher access to underlying detailed PPPs, expenditure data, and average prices.

Revision policy

The  (PDF), as approved by the ICP Governing Board, sets out the policy, triggers, and procedures for revising previously published and unpublished results from the ICP, to ensure the program¡¯s outputs reflect the latest available information and methodologies, are of the highest quality, and remain relevant to users. It describes the timing of revisions and the steps to be taken to communicate these revisions to users.

The  (PDF) was developed under ICP 2011 to ensure the quality of ICP activities and results. The framework introduces rigor, structure, and a common language in the assessment of the quality of microeconomic data and aggregated results and the implementation of relevant processes.  It comprises principles that ICP procedures at the country, regional, and global levels should adhere to.