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Maranh?o resident Welenice Lima, 28, is a single mother and unemployed. She lives in the state capital of S?o Luis in a neighborhood where, as she puts it, everything is lacking ¡°especially security and recreation activities.¡± At home, at least, they have enough to eat, access to healthcare and her children, aged 6 and 7, go to school.

Every month she receives the Bolsa Fam¨ªlia allowance from a Ministry of Social Development (MDS) program, which celebrates its 10th anniversary this year. The benefit is paid to 13.8 million families¡ªwhose income per person is below R$ 140 a month¡ªunder two conditions: the children have to attend school, and all need to visit the doctor regularly.

Brazilians assisted by the Bolsa Fam¨ªlia are not alone. 129 million people from 18 countries within Latin America and the Caribbean ¡ªnearly a quarter of the population¡ªare covered by similar initiatives.

In Brazil, the number of extremely poor people (about 16 million, according to the federal government) would be 33 percent higher were it not for Bolsa Fam¨ªlia. Furthermore, 99 percent of the pregnant women, among participating families, are up-to-date with their prenatal care and school attendance among 97 percent of the children exceeds the required level.

¡°These programs are the primary instruments for protecting poor families, both because of the coverage and because of the coordination that they promote in every government,¡± concludes Concepci¨®n Steta, a Social Protection Specialist at the World Bank. ¡°They help children and young people to have better nutrition, health, and education than their parents had.¡±

But at the same time, these programs pose a series of challenges, precisely because of the extent of the coverage and complexity of operations. The most significant being how to get families to use the benefit to shape their future.

Experts agree that the following are important:

• Increasing the quality of education and health services available to the population;
• Linking social assistance with the job market;
• Ensuring that vocational skills meet the needs of employers;
• Including women, the elderly, the disabled, etc. in those opportunities.

For the countries with the longest running programs¡ªactive for at least 10 years¡ªsuch as Mexico, Brazil, and Chile, bringing all the countries together to learn about conditional cash transfer (CCTs) programs and labor policies, provides an opportunity to exchange ideas and improvements. Last month, representatives met in Brasilia.

Here are a few examples the progress they have made and obstacles they have faced:

Brazil: This country inspired other countries to set up the Cadastro ?nico, or Single Register, as the primary means of identification for the poor population. Brazil is building 2,100 health centers and implementing full-scale elementary education at 17,500 elementary schools to improve health coverage and education among Bolsa Fam¨ªlia participants.

Chile: The country launched the Ingreso ?tico Familiar (Ethical Family Payment) system in 2012. The priority is to give the poorest people (especially women, who head 54% of low-income households), access to the labor market. Those who obtain a job will be entitled to a bonus.

Colombia: A re-design of the program M¨¢s Familias em Acci¨®n (More Families in Action) will make it possible to increase coverage in the poorest regions of the country and provide greater benefits to the indigenous population. The key challenge is to prepare underprivileged young people for the job market, since 27% of them fall into the ranks of the unemployed.

Mexico: Oportunidades (Opportunities), which now reaches 6.5 million families, is being reorganized in order to incorporate another initiative, the Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre (National Anti-Hunger Crusade). This will allow a further 600,000 families to get support.