Å·ÃÀÈÕb´óƬ

Skip to Main Navigation
BRIEFJuly 22, 2024

§ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§î§ð §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §â§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §é§Ö§ã§ä§î 80-§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ñ §¢§â§Ö§ä§ä§à§ß-§£§å§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§à§Ó

2024-07-22

§¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ú §â§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §æ§à§ä§à §Ó §¢§â§Ö§ä§ä§à§ß-§£§å§Õ§ã. §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §â§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §®§Ú§ç§Ñ§Ú§Ý §³§ä§Ö§á§Ñ§ß§à§Ó §ã§Ú§Õ§Ú§ä §á§à§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ã §¤§Ñ§â§â§Ú §¥§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§Þ §µ§Ñ§Û§ä§à§Þ, §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§à§Û §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.

§ª§ð§Ý§î 1944 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ

§²§à§Þ§Ñ§ß §®§Ñ§â§ê§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ß, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §à§ä §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó§à §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Þ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ö, §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§Ý §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ§ê§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î. §£ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§î§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §´§¡§³§³ §à§ß §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§ß§å§Ý, §é§ä§à 80-§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Ö §¢§â§Ö§ä§ä§à§ß-§£§å§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§à§Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í. §¢§í§Ý§Ñ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ý§ð§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §æ§à§ß§Õ§Ñ §Ú §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §£§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ñ §Ó §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú. §£ §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§ß §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§í§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§à§Ó, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß§Ú §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ã §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ö§à§á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §´§¡§³§³ §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:

1806802-Bretton-Woods-Stepanov-Keynes-Rybar-July-6-1944.

§¯§Ñ §æ§à§ä§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à: §®.§³. §³§ä§Ö§á§Ñ§ß§à§Ó, §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ñ§â§Ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Û §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ú §³§³§³§², §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú; §­§à§â§Õ §¬§Ö§Û§ß§ã, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú; §Ú §£§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Þ§Ú§â §²§í§Ò§Ñ§â§î, §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Ü §À§Ô§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§ã§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §£§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ô§ä§à§ß§Ö, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í.

6 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 1944 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ

1806786-Bretton-Woods-American-and-Soviet-delegate

§³§ä§à§ñ (§ã§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à): §¿.§®. §¢§Ö§â§ß§ê§ä§Ö§Û§ß, §¡.§±. §®§à§â§à§Ù§à§Ó, §¥§Ú§ß §¡§é§Ö§ã§à§ß, §¡.§¡. §¡§â§å§ä§ð§ß§ñ§ß, §¤§Ñ§â§â§Ú §¥. §µ§Ñ§Û§ä, §¥§Ø§Ö§ã§ã§Ú §±. §µ§à§Ý§Ü§à§ä§ä, §¯.§¶. §¹§Ö§é§å§Ý§Ú§ß, §¶.§¢. §¢§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ó, §ª.§¥. §©§Ý§à§Ò§Ú§ß, §®.§®. §ª§Õ§Ñ§ê§Ü§Ú§ß, §¡§ß§ã§Ö§Ý§î §¶. §­§Ñ§Ü§ã§æ§à§â§Õ.

§³§Ú§Õ§ñ (§ã§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à): §®§ï§Û§Ò§Ý §¯§î§ð§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§â, §¿§Õ§Ó§Ñ§â§Õ §¢§â§Ñ§å§ß, §¶§â§Ö§Õ §£§Ú§ß§ã§à§ß, §¤§Ö§ß§â§Ú §®§à§â§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§à, §®.§³. §³§ä§Ö§á§Ñ§ß§à§Ó, §¢§â§Ö§ß§ä §³§á§Ö§ß§ã, §±.§¡. §®§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ß, §¹§Ñ§â§Ý§î§Ù §´§à§Ò§Ú. §®§ï§Û§Ò§Ý §¯§î§ð§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§â (§³§º§¡) §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß, §à§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §Ó §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §­.§¨. §¤§å§ã§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ú§Ù §³§³§³§².

§ª§ð§Ý§î 1944